The Impact Of Modern Property Development On People

The Impact Of Modern Property Development On People Chapter 1 Introduction â€Å"Modernity is what gives the present the specific quality that makes it different from the past and points the way toward the future. Modernity is also described as being a break with tradition† (Hilde Heynen, 1999). When it comes to building modern city, tall buildings, high towers, skyscrapers and big construction play a major part. The arise of these kind of modern development resident depends partly on the world population and land shortage. According to Gregory Hodkinson, almost half the percentage of the world population is living in the cities and by the year 2050, the figure continue to increase to 70%. Figure 1 World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision, shows that the population of the world living in the urban area tend to increase gradually whereas the population in rural area stop rising since the year 2000. Due to the increasing of population and land shortage in urban area, tall building becomes one of the major phenomenon that the world, especially some major cities are facing (H. Hayati, M.H. Sayadi, 2012). Big construction has negative impact on the environment such as pollution, reduce the people in the area to get fresh air and sunlight but the massive emergence of high buildings is much of a trend during these days due to the need of space and industrial demand. With the vast amount improvement of architecture and modern buildings in many major cities, it isShow MoreRelatedNatural Daylight And Artificial Lighting Systems Essay1719 Words   |  7 PagesESSAY TOPIC: In a modern building daylight can provide most of our lighting needs for the vast majority of the working day. It is therefore unnecessary to spend too much time in designing artificial lighting systems. 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Johnson also uses these scientific tangents to show modern era readers that based on what happened in London it forever affects us today. Johnson gives information on what happens and then he goes on a tangent explaining ho w essential the specific information plays a role in the development of LondonRead MoreThe Science Of The Chemistry1035 Words   |  5 Pagesdeveloped in ancient Greece. This assignment will contain a description of key ideas, and important people including explanations of key discoveries, ideas and their contribution to the accepted theories of today. By 1830 there were more than 50 elements known. In 1934 the element uranium, with atomic number of 92 was found. Democritus known as to how atoms were created. His ideas influenced on modern science and he is remembered for his formulation of the atomic theory of the universe. 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The beginnings of modern day cryptography can be traced back to the 1920s with the Enigma machine and the 1940s with the creation of electronic computers such as Colossus. The impact of modern day cryptography on society today is enormous. Our reliance on electronic communication and storage makes the use of strong cryptographic techniques important to keepRead MoreCommunist Manifesto By Marx Engels1031 Words   |  5 Pagessection because it introduces and explains the final conflict between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. Tucker (1978) states: The proletariat goes through various stages of development. With its birth begins its struggle with the bourgeoisie. At first the contest is carried on by individual laborers, then by the work-people of a factory, then by the operatives of one trade, in one locality, against the individual bourgeois who directly exploits them. They direct their attacks not against the bourgeoisRead MoreNew Seminole City Center Project1366 Words   |  6 Pagesfor Seminole Mall to be rebuilt and bring with it a vibrant shopping destination that would usher in jobs and prosperity. That goal seems within grasp now that developers have proposed tearing down the existing structure and building a spiffy, more modern design with room for a 12-screen movie complex, a fitness center, retail shops and restaurants (Lindberg, July 31, 2014). In this section, the redevelopment of the Seminole Mall into the new Seminole City Center will be discussed; furthermore, theRead MoreThe Reasons For Anti Globalization Protests1263 Words   |  6 Pagesuprising from the interchange of values and ideas of different aspects including political, economical, social, environmental and cultural aspects. Advancements in technology made the process of globalization go further in recent decades. It favors people to communicate, travel and exchange the ideas. However, a coin has two sides. There are different problems carried out by the globalization. Therefore, anti-globalization protests are common in recent years. To a certain extent, it is different to

Theories Of The Social Responsibility Theory - 863 Words

Many theories that are postmodern theories are related to reality in mediated communication than most of the modern global theories. According to Kamalipour (2006), â€Å"One of the earliest attempts to think about media internationally was a book published in the 1950s entitled Four Theories of the Press (Siebert, Peterson, Schramm, 1956). Its authors set out to create what is sometimes called a taxonomy, which means dividing up all the various versions and aspects of a topic into systemic categories and sometimes subcategories as well. The taxonomy the authors proposed was that the world’s various versions and aspects of a topic into four categories or models: authoritarian, Soviet, liberal, and social responsibility† (p. 23). I will be focusing on the social responsibility theory. The social responsibility theory is categorized as one of the six models known as the â€Å"normative† theories. â€Å"The social responsibility theory allows everyone to say something or express their opinion about the media. Community opinion, Consumer action and professional ethics, Serious invasion of recognized private rights and vital social interests, Private ownership in media may give better public service unless government has to take over to assure the public to provide better media service. Media must take care of social responsibility and if they do not, government or other organization will do† (http://communicationtheory.org/social-responsibility-theory/). Although, the social responsibilityShow MoreRelatedSocial Responsibility Theory1420 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Responsibility Theory To combat the pressures that threatened freedom of the press, this theory was first introduced in 1947 and was recommended by the Hutchins Commission on Freedom of the Press. 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Social responsibility in stakeholder theory 3 2.1 Why social responsibility? 3 3. Limitations 4 4. Case study examples: Starbucks amp; Nike 4 5. Conclusion 5 6. References 6 7. Appendixes 9 Appendix A 9 Appendix B 10 1. Introduction This report focuses on social responsibility issue focusing on stakeholder theory. Social responsibility will be introduced and defined based on stakeholder theory. Next, analysis on the importance and limitations of social responsibility willRead MoreSocial Responsibility And Shareholder Theory808 Words   |  4 Pagescorporation is extracted from society a certain income, they therefore obliged him to pay. What is a social responsibility of business today? What should do executives only satisfy shareholders or they have also obligations to society? 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While many journalists may claim they are objective, this type of communication to the public is difficult to achieve, as a natural bias develops within a person fromRead MoreThe Theory Of Corporate Social Responsibility7407 Words   |  30 Pagesaccountability beyond the standard agency theory (li mited liability of shareholders for the company’s violations or breach and the company’s main accountability being towards its shareholders and investors only) to the stakeholder theory (company’s accountability towards a broad range of stakeholders, including employees, environment and local communities). The abovementioned stakeholder theory became central to the theory of corporate social responsibility in many areas, but above all, in the areaRead MoreMedia Ethics, The Authoritarian Theory And Social Responsibility Theory Essay1076 Words   |  5 Pagesand its responsibilities, in this paper I am going to have a debate about the responsibilities of the media to the public and how we should be watchful of the information we taking part in. There is two main theories in media ethics, the authoritarian theory and Social responsibility theory. The authoritarian theory press was seen as a very controlling tool, and those in authority used it to convey only that information that they wanted the public to know. Social responsibility theory of mediaRead MoreEthical Theories And Corporate Social Responsibility1853 Words   |  8 Pages 4.0 Ethical Analysis In this section, I will explain traditional and contemporary ethical theories, corporate social responsibility, governance and leadership, sustainability, globalisation, managing business ethics and the impact of changing business environment on corporate social responsibility. 4.1 Traditional Contemporary Ethical Theories and Corporate Social Responsibility Corporate Citizenship Traditional ethic starts from ancient Greeks to the ethics of Christianity. It supposes thatRead MoreShareholder Wealth Maximization And Corporate Social Responsibility Theories1955 Words   |  8 PagesViewpoints Of Shareholder Wealth maximization And Corporate Social Responsibility Theories â€Å"Sell a stock rather than try to change the company’s policy.† Introduction Are the goals of globalization, the primary driving force for international economic and financial development, best supported by the paradigms of shareholder wealth maximization or do they match the ideas of corporate social welfare as exemplified by Catholic social teaching? Globalization in the modern day is impacting each andRead MoreTheories And Frameworks Of Csr1315 Words   |  6 PagesFrameworks There are various theories and frameworks of CSR that helps organisations to attain a positive position in society. These are as follow: 1.2(a) - Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility The modern definition of CSR is rooted in Carroll’s Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility. This model outlined the four different elements of CSR which include economic responsibility, legal responsibility, ethical responsibility and philanthropic responsibility. (Carroll, 1979). The pyramid

Gump and Co. Chapter 2 Free Essays

Chapter 2 Well, the next mornin Mrs. Curran come out on the porch with a cup of coffee an a doughnut. The rain had let up a little bit, but the sky was a dark pearly gray an there was thunder growlin off someplace like God was mad. We will write a custom essay sample on Gump and Co. Chapter 2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"I guess you’ll want to go out to the cemetery,† Mrs. Curran said. â€Å"Yeah, I guess so,† I tole her. I didn’t really know if I wanted to or not. I mean, somethin was tellin me I oughta, but it was the last place I really wanted to go. â€Å"I’ve got little Forrest ready,† she says. â€Å"He ain’t been there since†¦ Well, I think it would be a good thing for him to go along. Just to kind of get used to it.† I looked behind her an there he was, standin behind the screen door, lookin sort of sad an puzzled. â€Å"Who are you?† he ast. â€Å"Why, I’m Forrest. You remember when I met you a while back? Up at Savannah.† â€Å"You’re the one with the funny monkey?† â€Å"Yeah. Sue. But he’s not a monkey. He’s a purebread orangutang.† â€Å"Where is he now? He here?† â€Å"Nope. Not this time,† I says. â€Å"He got bidness someplace else, I reckon.† â€Å"We’re gonna go see my mama now,† the little boy says, an I like to choked up right then. â€Å"Yeah, I know,† I says. Mrs. Curran, she put us in the car an we drove out to the cemetery. Whole time, I got these horrible butterflies in my stomach. Little Forrest, he just lookin out the winder with big ole sad eyes, an I am wonderin what in hell is gonna happen to us all. It was a really pretty cemetery, as them things go. Big ole magnolia an oak trees, an we wound around an wound around till we got to a big tree an Mrs. Curran stopped the car. It was a Sunday mornin, an someplace church bells were chimin away. When we got out, little Forrest come up beside me an looked up, an so I took him by the hand an we walked to Jenny’s grave. The ground was still wet from the rain, an a lot of leaves had blown down, pretty red an gold ones, shaped just like stars. â€Å"Is that where Mama is?† little Forrest ast. â€Å"Yes it is, darlin,† Mrs. Curran says. â€Å"Can I see her?† â€Å"No, but she’s there,† says Jenny’s mama. He was a brave little boy, he was, an didn’t cry or nothin, like I would of if I’d been him. An after a few minutes he found hissef a stick to play with an walked off a ways by hissef. â€Å"I just can’t believe it,† Mrs. Curran said. â€Å"I can’t neither,† I says. â€Å"It ain’t right.† â€Å"I’ll go back to the car now, Forrest. You probably want to be alone for a while.† I just stood there, kind of numb, twistin my hands. Everbody I really cared for seemed to have died or somethin. Bubba an Mama, an now poor Jenny. It had begun to drizzle a little bit now, an Mrs. Curran went an got little Forrest an put him in the car. I started to walk away mysef when I heard a voice say, â€Å"Forrest, it’s okay.† I turned aroun, but ain’t nobody there. â€Å"I said it’s okay, Forrest,† the voice says again. It was†¦ It couldn’t be†¦ It was Jenny! Cept there still ain’t nobody there. â€Å"Jenny!† I says. â€Å"Yes, Forrest. I just wanted you to know everything’s gonna be all right.† I must be goin crazy, I figgered! But then alls of a sudden I kind of seen her, just in my mind, I guess, but there she was, as beautiful as always. â€Å"You’re gonna have to take little Forrest now,† she says, â€Å"an raise him up to be strong and smart and good. I know you can do it, Forrest. You’ve got a very big heart.† â€Å"But how?† I ast. â€Å"I’m a idiot.† â€Å"No you’re not!† Jenny says. â€Å"You might not be the smartest feller in town, but you’ve got more sense than most people. You’ve got a long life ahead of you, Forrest, so make the best you can of it. I’ve told you that for years.† â€Å"I know, but†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Anytime you really get stumped, I’ll be there for you. Do you understand that?† â€Å"No.† â€Å"Well, I will. So go on back and get busy and try to figure out what you’re gonna do next.† â€Å"But, Jenny, I just can’t believe it’s you.† â€Å"Well, it’s me all right. Go on, now, Forrest,† she says. â€Å"Sometimes you act like you ain’t got sense enough to get in out of the rain.† So I gone on back to the car, soakin wet. â€Å"Was you talkin to somebody out there?† Mrs. Curran ast. â€Å"Sort of,† I said. â€Å"I guess I was talkin to mysef.† That afternoon, me an little Forrest sat in Jenny’s mama’s livin room an watched the New Orleans Saints play the Dallas Cowboys – or whatever it was they did with them. The Cowboys done scored four touchdowns the first quarter, an we ain’t scored none. I had tried to call the stadium to explain where I was, but ain’t nobody answered the phone in the locker room. I guess by the time I got around to callin, they had all done gone out on the field. Second quarter it was worse, an by half-time the score was forty-two to nothin, an the sportscasters were all talkin about how I wadn’t there an nobody knew where I was. I finally got through to the locker room, an all of a sudden Coach Hurley got on the phone. â€Å"Gump, you idiot!† he hollered. â€Å"Where in hell are you!† I tole him Jenny had died, but he didn’t seem to understand. â€Å"Who in hell is Jenny?† he screamed. It wadn’t too easy to explain all this, so I just tole him she was a friend of mine. Then the owner got on the phone. â€Å"Gump, I tole you that if you don’t show up for a game, I’m gonna fire your ass myself! And that’s what I’m doin. Your ass is fired!† â€Å"But see,† I tole him, â€Å"it was Jenny. I just found out yesterday†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Don’t hand me that bullshit, Gump! I know all about you and your so-called agent, Mr. Butterbutt, or whatever his name is. This is just another cheap trick to get more money. An you ain’t gonna do it. Don’t never come around my football team again. You hear – never!† â€Å"Did you explain it to them?† Mrs. Curran ast, when she came back into the room. â€Å"Yeah,† I said. â€Å"Sort of.† An so that ended my professional football playin days. Now I had to find some kind of job to help support little Forrest. Jenny had put most of the money I’d sent her into a bank account, an with the other thirty thousan dollars Jenny’s mama had sent back to me, there was enough to earn a little interest. But it weren’t gonna be enough for everthin, so I knew I had to find me some work. Next mornin, I looked through the papers at the job ads. Wadn’t much goin on. Mostly they wanted secretaries an used car salesmen an such, an I figgered I needed somethin, well, more dignified. Then I spotted a ad in the column marked â€Å"Other.† â€Å"Promotional Representative,† it says. â€Å"No experience necessary! Huge profits for hard workers!† An it give an address for a local motel. â€Å"Interviews at 10 A.M. sharp.† â€Å"Must be able to deal with people† was the final line. â€Å"Mrs. Curran,† I says, â€Å"what is a ‘promotional representative’?† â€Å"I’m not sure, Forrest. I think it’s†¦ Well, you know the guy who dresses up like that big peanut outside the peanut store downtown and hands out little samples of nuts to folks? I think it’s something like that.† â€Å"Oh,† I says. Frankly, I was expectin somethin a little higher up on the ladder. But I am thinkin about them â€Å"huge profits† the ad talked about. An besides, if it was bein a peanut man or somethin, at least people wouldn’t know it was me inside the costume. As it turned out, it was not the peanut man. It was somethin very very different. â€Å"Knowledge!† says the feller. â€Å"Everthin in the world depends on knowledge!† They was about eight or ten of us done answered the ad for â€Å"Promotional Representative.† We had arrived at this dinky little motel an was sent into a room that had a bunch of foldin chairs set up an a phone settin on the floor. After about twenty minutes, the door suddenly bust open an in comes this tall, thin, suntanned guy wearin a white suit an white buck shoes. He don’t say his name or nothin, just comes marchin into the room an gets in front of us an begun to give us a lecture. His hair is slicked back an greasy, an he has a little pencil mustache. â€Å"Knowledge!† he shouts again. â€Å"And here it is!† He unfolded a big color-poster-size sheet of paper an begun pointin out the various forms of knowledge, which are printed on it. They is pictures of dinosaurs an ships an farm crops an big cities. They is even pictures of outer space an rocket ships, of TVs an radios an cars, an I don’t know what-all else. â€Å"This is the opportunity of a lifetime!† he hollers. â€Å"To bring all this knowledge into people’s homes!† â€Å"Wait a minute,† somebody ast. â€Å"Does this have anything to do with selling encyclopedias?† â€Å"Certainly not,† the man answers, sort of hurt like. â€Å"Well, it looks like it does to me,† the feller says. â€Å"If it’s not selling encyclopedias, what the hell is it?† â€Å"We do not sell encyclopedias!† the man replies. â€Å"We place encyclopedias in people’s homes.† â€Å"Then it is about selling encyclopedias!† the first man shouts. â€Å"With an attitude like that, I don’t think you should be here,† said the feller. â€Å"Leave us now, so the others can be informed.† â€Å"Damn right I’ll leave,† says the first man, walkin out. â€Å"I got roped into sellin encyclopedias one time before, an it’s a total bunch of bullshit.† â€Å"Nevertheless!† hollers the feller in the white suit, â€Å"you will be sorry when all these other guys are rich and famous.† An he slammed the door so hard the room shook an I was afraid the doorknob might of hit the first man in the asshole. It took us about a week to go through our â€Å"trainin† period. This consisted of havin to learn a long speech, word for word, about how good the encyclopedias we was sellin was. Book of Worldwide Information was what they was called. Our instructor was the feller in the white suit, who was also the regional sales manager for the encyclopedia company. Mister Trusswell was his name, but he told us to just call him Slim. Like Slim said, we was not goin out there to sell encyclopedias. We was gonna place them in people’s homes. Actually, the deal was this: We gave the people the encyclopedias for free, provided that they would sign a contract agreeing to buy a new two-hundrit-and-fifty-dollar annual yearbook ever year for the rest of their lives. In this way the people got their free set of encyclopedias an the company got about ten thousan dollars for sellin the yearbooks, which cost about five dollars apiece to print. I would get fifteen percent of ever contract I made. An Slim got five percent of that. Now, how could anybody lose on a deal like this? It was on a Monday when we was given our first assignments. We was tole to wear a coat an tie an be sure to get shaved an clean under our fingernails. An there was to be no drinkin on the job, either. We reported to the motel, an there was a big ole flatbed truck waitin for us. Slim herded us on board like cattle, an away we went. â€Å"Now, listen up,† Slim says. â€Å"Each of you is gonna get dropped off in a neighborhood. What I want you to look for is children’s toys – swings, sandboxes, tricycles – that kind of shit. We want to sell these things to young parents! That way, they got longer to have to pay for the annual yearbook! You don’t see no children or children’s toys outside, don’t waste your time!† So that’s what we did. Everbody, me included, got dropped off in some neighborhood. They wadn’t very nice neighborhoods, either, but Slim says that’s okay, cause people in nice neighborhoods is probly too smart to fall for the kind of scam we is tryin to pull. Anyhow, first house I see with a set of children’s swings, I go up an knock on the door. A woman answers an opens the screen door. Immediately I stick my foot in it, like I have been tole to do. â€Å"M’am,† I says, â€Å"you got a minute?† â€Å"Do I look like I got a minute?† she answers. Her hair is up in curlers an she is wearin a nightgown, an they is all sorts of racket comin from the little kids in the backgroun. â€Å"I want to talk to you about the future of your children,† I says, which is part of the rehearsed speech. â€Å"What is your interest in my children?† she asts, sort of suspiciously. â€Å"They are badly in need of knowledge,† I answers. â€Å"What are you, one of those religious nuts?† she says. â€Å"No, m’am, I am here to make a free gift to your home of the world’s best encyclopedias.† â€Å"Encyclopedias! Ha,† she says. â€Å"Do I look like I can afford to buy encyclopedias?† I could see her point, but anyhow, I went on with the speech: â€Å"M’am, as I have said, I’m not astin you to buy encyclopedias. I am gonna place them in your home.† â€Å"What do you mean – loan them to me?† â€Å"Not exactly,† I says. â€Å"If I could just come in for a minute†¦Ã¢â‚¬  So she let me in an set me down in the livin room. Slim had done tole us if we got this far, we was almost home free! I opened my kit an begun explainin everthin to her, just like Slim had said to do. The speech was about fifteen minutes long, an she just looked an listened. Three little kids about the age of little Forrest come in an begun crawlin all over her. When I am through, she bust into tears. â€Å"Oh, Mr. Gump,† she says. â€Å"I wish I could afford them encyclopedias. But I just can’t.† An then she begun to tell me her sad tale. Her husband done run off with a younger woman an left her without a cent. She lost her job as a diner cook cause she fell asleep from overwork fryin eggs an ruint the griddle. The power company done shut down her electricity, an the phone company is about to do the same. She also got to have a operation but can’t afford it, an the kids is hungry half the time. That night the landlord is comin around to collect the fifty-dollar rent an she ain’t got it, so she’s about to be thowed out of her house. An there is a bunch of other stuff, too, but you get the gist of it. Anyhow, I done loaned her the fifty bucks an got out of there. Man, she was pitiful. All that day I done knocked on doors. Most people wouldn’t even let me in. About half of them says they have already been taken by other encyclopedia salesmen, an they was the unhappiest ones of all. Four or five slammed the door in my face, an somebody sicced a big ole ugly dog on me. By late that afternoon, when Slim’s truck pulled up to haul us off, I was exhausted an discouraged. â€Å"Now, don’t none of you worry about this first day,† Slim says. â€Å"First day’s always the hardest. Just think, if any of you had sold just one of them contracts, you would be a thousand dollars richer. It don’t take but one, an I guarantee you there is plenty of suckers out there.† Then he turns to me. â€Å"Gump,† he says, â€Å"I been watchin you. You got energy boy! An charm, too. You just need a little practice with an expert! An I am the man to show you. Tomorrow mornin, you are comin along with me!† That night when I got back to Mrs. Curran’s, I didn’t even feel like eatin no supper. Here I was, a great â€Å"Promotional Representative,† fifty bucks poorer an got nothin to show for it but thinner shoe soles an a hole in my pants where the dog got me. Little Forrest was playin on the livin room floor, an ast me where I been. â€Å"Sellin encyclopedias,† I said. â€Å"What kind of encyclopedias?† An so I showed him. I did just what I was tole to do. I gave my whole speech, openin out the folder with all the pictures an layin down the samples of the encyclopedias an yearbooks. When I was finished, he looked at one of the books an says, â€Å"This is a bunch of shit.† â€Å"What is that?† I said. â€Å"Who taught you to talk that way?† â€Å"Sometimes my mama would say that,† he replied. â€Å"Well, it ain’t no proper way for a seven-year-ole boy to be talkin,† I says. â€Å"Besides, why you call my books that?† â€Å"Because it’s true,† he said. â€Å"Look at all this stuff. Half of it’s wrong.† He points to a part of the encyclopedia that’s open. â€Å"Look at this,† he says, pointin to a drawin that said â€Å"1956 Buick.† â€Å"That’s a fifty-five Buick,† he says. â€Å"The fifty-six didn’t have fins like that. And look at this, too,† he said. â€Å"That’s an F-eighty-five fighter plane – not an F-one-hundred!† Little Forrest gone on to point out a bunch of other stuff, too, he said wasn’t right. â€Å"Any dummy would know all this is wrong,† he says. Well, almost any dummy, I figgered. I didn’t know if he was right or not, but I intended to ask Slim about it next mornin. â€Å"You got to catch em at just the right time,† Slim says. â€Å"Right after the husband has gone off to work an before they take their kids to school. If you see a yard with toys for little kids who ain’t old enough to go to school, save it for later in the day.† We had got off the truck in a neighborhood an was walkin down the street, an Slim was teachin me the tricks of the trade. â€Å"Next best time,† he says, â€Å"is right after the soap operas is over an before they got to go pick up the kids again, or the husband gets home from work.† â€Å"Look,† I said, â€Å"I need to ast you somethin. Somebody done tole me a lot of the things in the encyclopedia ain’t right.† â€Å"Yeah, who tole you that?† â€Å"I’d rather not say. Question is, is it true?† â€Å"How the hell would I know?† Slim says. â€Å"I don’t read that crap. I’m just here to get people to buy it.† â€Å"But what about the folks who do?† I says. â€Å"I mean, it don’t seem fair to be gettin them to pay all that money for stuff that ain’t so.† â€Å"Who cares?† Slim answers. â€Å"Ain’t any of them people know the difference – an besides, you don’t think they actually use this shit, do you? They get it to put on a shelf, and it probly don’t ever get opened up.† Anyhow, Slim pretty soon spotted the house he was gonna make a sale at. It needed some paint an all, but outside there was an old tire hangin from a tree branch by a rope an some small bikes on the porch. â€Å"This is it,† Slim said. â€Å"I can feel it in my bones. Two kids, just about school age. I bet Mama’s in there right now opening her checkbook for me.† Slim knocked on the door, an pretty soon a lady appeared, sort of sad-eyed an tired lookin. Slim went right into his pitch. As he kept on talkin, he just sort of worked his way inside the house, an the next thing the lady knew, the two of us was settin in her livin room. â€Å"But I really don’t need any more encyclopedias,† she says. â€Å"Look I’ve already bought the Encyclopedia Britannica and the Encyclopedia Americana. We’ll be payin on those the next ten years.† â€Å"Exactly!† Slim says. â€Å"And you won’t be using them until then, either! You see, them encyclopedias are for older kids – late high-school and college students. But you gotta have somethin now, while your kids are still young – somethin they can get interested in! And here it is!† Slim begun handin the lady all his samples, pointin out how many pictures an all were there an how the writin was simplified an much more understandable than them other encyclopedias the lady already had bought. Time he was through, Slim had got the lady to serve us some lemonade, an when we left, Slim walked away with a contract in his hand. â€Å"Now, Gump! See how easy it is! Lookee here, I just made myself a thousand dollars for twenty minutes’ work – just like takin candy from a baby!† In fact, he was correct. Cept I didn’t feel exactly right about it. I mean, what was that poor lady gonna do with all them encyclopedia sets? But Slim said she was just the kind of â€Å"client† he liked. â€Å"They believe all the bullshit you can lay on em,† he said. â€Å"Most of em are grateful just to have somebody to talk to.† Anyway, he says for me to go on now an start pushin the encyclopedias on my own, an he expects me to have a sale or two by the end of the day – now that he has showed me how to do it. So that’s what I did. But by late that afternoon, I had knocked on two-dozen doors an hadn’t even once got ast inside. Four or five times the people wouldn’t even open the door – they spoke through the mail slot an tole me to go away. One lady was hoein some crabgrass out of her driveway an when she found out why I was there, she ran me off with the hoe. I was walkin on back to the truck pickup point when I looked down a street that was different from the ones I had been workin on. This was a nice street, with real pretty houses an gardens an expensive cars in the driveways. An at the very end of the street, up on a little hill, was the biggest house of them all – a mansion, I guess you could call it. I figgered, what the hell. I know Slim has tole us these kinds of folks don’t buy encyclopedias, but I got to try somethin, an so I gone on up to the mansion an rang the doorbell. It was the first doorbell I seen all day. First, nothin happened, an I figgered ain’t nobody home. I rang two or three more times, an was about to go on my way, when suddenly the door opened. It was a lady standin there, wearin a red silk gown, an carryin a cigarette holder in her hand. She was older than me, but she was still very beautiful, with long wavy brown hair an a lot of makeup. When she saw me, she looked me over two or three tim es, an then gave a big ole smile. Afore I had a chance to say anythin at all, she opened the door an invited me in. Mrs. Hopewell was her name, but she says for me to call her Alice. Mrs. Hopewell – Alice – took me into a great big room with high ceilins an a lot of fancy furniture an ast me if I wanted somethin to drink. I nodded, an she says, â€Å"What’ll it be then, bourbon, gin, scotch?† But I remembered what Slim had tole us about drinkin on the job, so I tole her a CokeCola would be just fine. When she come back with the CokeCola, I went into my spiel. About halfway through, Mrs. Hopewell says, â€Å"Thank you, Forrest. I have heard enough. I’ll buy them.† â€Å"What?† I ast. I ain’t believin my luck. â€Å"The encyclopedias,† she says. â€Å"I’ll take a set.† She ast me how much to write the check for, an I explained about how she ain’t really buyin them, just makin a contract to buy the annual yearbook for the rest of her life, but she waved me off. â€Å"Just show me where to sign,† she said, an that’s what I did. Meantime, I took a swig of the CokeCola. Uggh! It tasted horrible! For a moment I thought she done poured me somethin else besides CokeCola, but in fact she hadn’t, account of she done left the can right there on the side table. â€Å"And now, Forrest, I am gonna go slip into somethin more comfortable,† Mrs. Hopewell says. I am thinkin she looks comfortable enough already, but of course, this is none of my bidness. â€Å"Yes’m,† I says. â€Å"Just call me Alice,† she says, and disappears out of the room with her skirts sashayin behind her. I set there lookin at the CokeCola an gettin thirstier an thirstier. I really wish I had a RC or somethin. Anyhow, I figger she is gonna be a few minutes, so I gone on back to where the kitchen was. I have never seen such a kitchen as this! I mean, it is bigger than the whole house Jenny growed up in, with tiles an wood an stainless stuff an lights that come out of the ceiling! I looked in the icebox to see if there was another CokeCola, thinkin maybe that one had just gone bad. To my surprise there was about fifty cans of it in there, an so I popped open another one an took a great big swig. Arrrragh! I had to spit it out. It tasted like shit! Well, actually it didn’t taste exactly like shit, whatever shit tastes like. It tasted more like a combination of turpentine an bacon grease, with a little sugar an fizzy-water thowed in. I am thinkin somebody done played a trick on Mrs. Hopewell. Just about this time, Mrs. Hopewell come through the door. â€Å"Ah, Forrest, I see you have found the CokeCola. I didn’t know you were that thirsty, you poor boy. Here, let me put that in a glass for you.† She had put on a little pink nighty that showed everthin she had, which was considerable, an was wearin little fluffy pink slippers, an I am thinkin that she must be gettin ready for bed. But now I was really on the spot. She got a fresh glass that sparkled like a rainbow an poured the CokeCola over some ice. I could hear it cracklin in the glass an was wonderin how I was gonna drink it when Mrs. Hopewell says she will be right back, that she is goin to â€Å"freshen up.† I was about to thow the CokeCola out again, when a idea come to me. Maybe I could make it better. I was rememberin the time back at the University when I wanted a limeade so bad I could just taste it, but there wadn’t no limes, an my mama had sent me some peaches an I made a peach-ade by squeezin the peaches through a sock. Bad as it was, I am thinkin that I can salvage somethin out of this CokeCola, account of my tongue is dry as my toe an I might even be dyin of thirst. I could of just got me some water, but by now, I have definitely got CokeCola on my mind. They was a big ole pantry, an inside it was hundrits of little jars an bottles of all sorts of sizes an shapes. One says cumin, an another says Tabasco, an another says tarragon vinegar. They was jars an bottles an little boxes of other stuff, too. I found some olive oil I figgered might cut the bacon grease taste some, an then a jar of chocolate sauce that might take off some of the turpentine flavor. I mixed up about twenty or thirty different things in a bowl that was settin out on the counter, an when I was finished, I mushed them all together with my fingers an then dipped out a couple of spoonfuls an thowed it into the CokeCola glass. For a moment, the stuff begun to boil an hiss like it was gonna blow up, but the more I stirred it in with the ice, the better it looked, an after a few minutes, it begun to look like CokeCola again. At this point I was startin to feel like one of them desert gold prospectors that was bakin to death under the sun, an so I lifted the glass an drunk it down. This time, it gone on down pretty good, an while it wadn’t exactly CokeCola, it didn’t taste like shit, neither. It was so good, in fact, that I poured mysef another glass. Just then, Mrs. Hopewell returned to the kitchen. â€Å"Ah, Forrest,† she says, â€Å"how is that CokeCola?† â€Å"It is pretty good,† I tole her. â€Å"Matter of fact, I’m gonna have some more. You want some?† â€Å"Ah, thank you, but thank you, no, Forrest.† â€Å"Why not?† I ast. â€Å"Ain’t you thirsty?† â€Å"Why, as a matter of fact I am,† she says. â€Å"But I’d prefer, well, a little libation of a different sort.† She went over an poured hersef a glass about half full of gin an then put some orange juice in it. â€Å"You see,† she says, â€Å"I am always amazed that anybody can drink that crap. My husband, in fact, is the feller that invented it. Somethin they want to call ‘New Coke.’ â€Å" â€Å"Yeah?† I say. â€Å"Well, it don’t exactly taste like the ole one.† â€Å"You’re tellin me, buster! I never had anything so wretched in my life. Kinda tastes like – hell, I dunno – turpentine or something.† â€Å"Yeah,† I says. â€Å"I know.† â€Å"Some stupid deal his bosses up at the Coke company in Atlanta have dreamed up. ‘New Coke’ my ass,† she says. â€Å"They always screwing with something just so’s they can figger a new angle to sell it with. Ask me, it’s gonna be a bunch of bullshit.† â€Å"That so?† I ast. â€Å"Damn right. Matter of fact, you’re the first person ever got a whole glass of it down without gagging. You know, my husband’s the vice president of CokeCola – in charge of research and development. Some research – some development, if you ask me!† â€Å"Well, it ain’t half bad if you put some other stuff in it,† I says. â€Å"Just fix it up a little.† â€Å"No? Well, that’s not my problem. Look,† she says, â€Å"I didn’t get you in here to talk about my husband’s harebrained schemes. I bought your goddamn encyclopedias, or whatever they are, now I want a favor. I had a masseuse coming over this afternoon and he didn’t show. You know how to give a back rub?† â€Å"Huh?† â€Å"A back rub – you know, I lie down and you give me a rub. You’re so big on books about world knowledge, you gotta know how to rub somebody’s back, right? I mean, even an idiot can figure out how to do that.† â€Å"Yeah, well†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Listen, buster,† she says, â€Å"bring the goddamn CokeCola and come with me.† She took me around to a room that had mirrors on all the walls an a big old raised bed in the middle of it. Music was playin through speakers in the ceilin, an they was a big ole Chinese gong settin there by the bed. Mrs. Hopewell got up on the bed an thowed off her little slippers an nighty an put a big towel over her bottom half, an she was laid down on her stomach. I tried not to look at her while this was goin on, but account of the whole room was mirrors, this was not very easy to do. â€Å"Okay,† she says, â€Å"start rubbing.† I got sort of aside of her an begun to rub her shoulders. She begun to make little oh-ah sounds. The more I rubbed, the louder they got. â€Å"Lower. Lower!† Mrs. Hopewell says. I gone on an rubbed lower, an the more I did, the lower I got! It was beginnin to get awkward for sure. In fact, I was now at the top of the towel. Finally she begun to pant an then she reaches over an hits the Chinese gong! It made the room shake an the mirrors seem like they gonna fall off the walls. â€Å"Take me, Forrest,† she moans. â€Å"Where you want to go?† I ast. â€Å"Just take me!† she screams. â€Å"Now!† At this point I suddenly begun to think about Jenny an about a bunch of other things, an Mrs. Hopewell was grappin at me an writhin an pantin on the bed, an this shit seemed about to get out of hand when, without no warnin, the door to the mirror room bust open an they is a little man standin there wearin a suit an tie an steel-rimmed glasses, kinda look like a Nazi German. â€Å"Alice,† he shouts, â€Å"I think I have got it figured out! If we put some steel-wool shavings into the formula, it will make it quit tasting like turpentine!† â€Å"Jesus God, Alfred!† Mrs. Hopewell hollers. â€Å"What are you doing home this time of day!† She done bolted upright an was tryin to pull the towel up around hersef to look decent. â€Å"My researchers,† the feller says, â€Å"have found the solution!† â€Å"Solution! Solution to what?† Mrs. Hopewell asts. â€Å"The ‘New Coke,’ † he says. The feller strides into the room, actin like I’m not even there. â€Å"I think we got a way to get people to drink it.† â€Å"Oh, for godssake, Alfred. Who would want to drink that crap anyhow?† Mrs. Hopewell looks like she’s about to burst into tears. She ain’t got but that one towel, an she is tryin to cover hersef up, bottom an top, with it. Ain’t workin too good, an so she is grappin for her nighty, which is on the floor, but ever time she graps for it, the towel falls off. I am tryin to look away again, but the mirrors won’t give me no other view. About this time, Alfred, I guess was his name, noticed me. â€Å"Are you the masseuse?† he ast. â€Å"Sort of,† I says. â€Å"That your CokeCola?† â€Å"Yup.† â€Å"You’re drinking it?† â€Å"Uh huh.† â€Å"No shit?† I nodded. I didn’t exactly know what to say, account of it is his new invention. â€Å"And it don’t taste awful?† His eyes got big as biscuits. â€Å"Not now,† I says. â€Å"I fixed it.† â€Å"Fixed it? How?† â€Å"I put some stuff in it from the kitchen.† â€Å"Let me see that,† he says. He took the glass an helt it up to the light an examined it, sort of like a person will examine somethin nasty in a laboratory jar. Then he drunk a little sip of it an got a kind of squinty look in his eyes. He look at me, then at Mrs. Hopewell, then he slugged down a big ole swallow. â€Å"My God!† he says. â€Å"This shit ain’t half bad!† He drunk some more an get a real amazed look on his face, like he was seein a vision or somethin. â€Å"You fixed this!† he shouts. â€Å"How in hell did you fix it?† â€Å"I done put a few things from that pantry in it,† I says. â€Å"You! The masseuse?† â€Å"He’s not exactly a masseuse,† Mrs. Hopewell says. â€Å"He’s not? Then what is he?† â€Å"I’m a encyclopedia salesman,† I says. â€Å"Encyclopedias – Huh?† Alfred says. â€Å"Then what are you doing here? With my wife?† â€Å"It is kind of a long story,† I tole him. â€Å"Well, it doesn’t matter,† he says. â€Å"We’ll get to that later. What I want to know now is what in hell did you do to this CokeCola? Tell me! My God, tell me!† â€Å"I dunno, exactly,† I says. â€Å"It was like, well, it didn’t taste so good at first, an I thought it could have stood some doctorin up, you know?† â€Å"Didn’t taste good! Why, you moron, it tasted like shit! Don’t you think I know that? And you have made it at least drinkable! Do you have any idea what something like this is worth? Millions! Billions! C’mon now, try to remember. What was it, er – What’s your name, anyhow?† â€Å"Gump,† I says. â€Å"Forrest Gump.† â€Å"Yes, Gump – well, c’mon now, Gump – let’s go real slow through exactly what you did to this stuff. Show me what you put in it.† So that’s what I did, except I couldn’t remember everthin. I got out some of the little bottles an jars an stuff an tried to do it again, but I never could seem to get it quite right again. We tried an tried again, maybe fifty times, until it was way past midnight, but each time ole Alfred spit the stuff out in the sink an says it ain’t like the first batch. Meantime, Mrs. Hopewell is about on her twentieth gin an orange juice. â€Å"You fools,† she says once. â€Å"There ain’t no way to make that crap any good. Why don’t we all go lay down in the bed an see what happens?† â€Å"Shut up, Alice,† Alfred says. â€Å"Don’t you see this is the opportunity of a lifetime!† â€Å"Opportunity of a lifetime is what I just suggested,† says Mrs. Hopewell, an she goes back out in the mirror room an starts beatin on the gong. Finally, Alfred leans up against the icebox an puts his head in his hands. â€Å"Gump,† he says, â€Å"this is incredible. You have snatched me from the jaws of defeat, only to throw me back again. But I’m not finished yet. I am gonna call the police to seal this kitchen off. And tomorrow, we are gonna get an entire staff down here to pack up every conceivable thing you might have put in this stuff and ship it all back to Atlanta.† â€Å"Atlanta?† I ast. â€Å"You bet your sweet ass, Gump. And the most prized item of all is going to be yourself!† â€Å"Me?† I ast. â€Å"Goddamn right, Gump. Your big ass is coming along to our lab in Atlanta to put this thing together right. Just think of it, Gump. Today Atlanta! Tomorrow the world!† Mrs. Hopewell’s face is smilin from the winder as I leave, an upon considerin all this, I have a feelin that trouble lies ahead. How to cite Gump and Co. Chapter 2, Essay examples

Specialty Certification and Patient Outcomes †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Specialty Certification and Patient Outcomes. Answer: Introduction: The clinical reasoning cycle allows nurses to collect cues about the patient problem, process the information, and arrive at an understanding of the patient problem or the specific situation in which the patient is found (Schoenwaldab et al. 2018). The process is meant to help the nurse to develop a patient plan of intervention, evaluation, and reflection. The saturation of Oxygen is 95% and 50 % when using the nasal prongs in-situ(Batti, 2013). The rate of respiration for the patient is shallow and measures 16-20 meaning the nurse can help the patient develop solutions for proper posture and breathing(Merrifield, 2016). Her cough is weak and non-productive implying she is in need of a constant flow of oxygen to her lungs(Boyle, 2017). The inclusion of Fentanyl in her medication means she is under immense pain such as the pain presented during cancer(Mukasa, 2015). The medicine belongs to a class of drugs referred to as narcotic analgesics. The patient is placed on bed rest. The head of the bed must be elevated, and her position must frequently change to lower the diaphragm and improve the chances of chest expansion(Coster, Watkins, Norman, 2018). It enhances expectoration of secretions, mobilization, and stabilization of the chest cavity, which is essential for proper body metabolism(Grant, 2016). Decreased flow of air happens in areas that have a high concentration of the fluid. Sounds of bronchial breath can occur in areas that high fluid capacity(Batti, 2013). The nurse must listen out for whizzing sounds, which occur because of accumulation of fluids. After determining the correct diagnosis of the disease, the nurse needs to establish the right medical procedures for the patient(Grant, 2016). Pneumonia arises from the inflammation of the lung cavity because of attacks by microorganisms like Bacteria, viruses, fungi and micro bacteria(Boyle, 2017). The condition is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States primarily among young children, and therefore the nurse needs to exercise caution when dealing with it (Coster et al. 2018). Normotensive in a period of 1 hour Improved signs that are vital in 2 hours Increased output of urine in an hour Decreased rates of anxiety in less than an hour Improved Blood Pressure levels The drug works by altering the brains affinity to pain to change the manner in which the body of the patient reacts to pain(Boyle, 2017). The nurse must desist from using the patch form of the drug for purposes of relieving pain that is mild, and that can quickly go away(Merrifield, 2016). Presence of the Ondansetron ODT in the prescription means the patient nauseates. The drug is used alone or along with other medications to prevent the patient from vomiting(Lakea, et al., 2017). Monitoring of the salts in the body of the patient Collection of MO data with the use of ISBAR Acquiring a fluid challenge order Reduction of the IV rate Looking out for the vital signs Urine output monitoring Raising the patient foot to the bet The nurse will ask the patient whether she or he feels any better The state of Oxygen Saturation The rate of urine output The level of blood pressure The drug creates the best results for patients under radiation therapy and cancer treatment procedures(Boyle, 2017). It is essential for preventing vomiting and nausea after surgery(Grant, 2016). The drug works by blocking one of the natural substances of the body that leads the patient to vomit. The drug is dissolved on top of the tongue and should not be swallowed or dissolved like other drugs(Grant, 2016). The patients metabolic test shows stability in the electrolytes of the patient, and therefore it is not a cause for alarm. The nurse assesses the depth and rate of chest movements for shallow respirations and discomfort of the moving chest due to the walls or the fluids on the chest cavity(Mukasa, 2015). Reference Batti, R. (2013). Perioperative Nursing and Education: What the IOM Future of Nursing Report Tells Us. AORN Journal, 98(3), 249-259. Boyle, D. (2017). Nursing Specialty Certification and Patient Outcomes: What We Know in Acute Care Hospitals and Future Directions. Journal of the Association for Vascular Access, 22(3), 137-142. Coster, S., Watkins, M., Norman, I. (2018, April 11). What is the impact of professional nursing on patients outcomes globally? An overview of research evidence. AORN Journal, 98(3), 249-259. Grant, R. (2016, February 3). The US is Running Out of Nurses . Retrieved January 11, 2017, from The Atlantic : https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2016/02/nursing-shortage/459741/ Lakea, D., K.Engelke, M., A.Koskoa, D., Roberson, D. W., Fany, J., Feliciana, J., et al. (2017). Nicaraguan and US nursing collaborative evaluation study: Identifying similarities and differences between US and Nicaraguan Curricula and Teaching Modalities Using the Community Engagement Model. Nurse Education Today, 51(1), 34-40. Merrifield, N. (2016, December 19). Universities warn of 20% drop in applicants for nursing courses after end of bursary . Retrieved January 11, 2017, from Nursing Times Journal : https://www.nursingtimes.net/news/education/universities-warn-of-drop-in-applicants-for-nursing-courses/7014339.article Mukasa, B. (2015). A Public Health Leadership Theory to Address the Shortage of Public Heatlh Leaders. Walden, 1(1), 1-28. Schoenwaldab, A., Windsorb, C., Gosden, E., Douglasb, C. (2018). Nurse practitioner led pain management the day after caesarean section: A randomised controlled trial and follow-up study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 78(1), 1-9.

Beware of Buzzword Bingo

Beware of Buzzword Bingo Beware of Buzzword Bingo Beware of Buzzword Bingo By Mark Nichol Far back in the mists of Internet time (that would be the 1990s), a couple of wags at a computer company called Silicon Graphics created a subversive game that filled a need. You’ve been there, perhaps: a company meeting at which executives or tech geeks unironically launch volleys of absurd marketing catchphrases or tech jargon. Well, these two fellows brainstormed some of the most egregious examples, created bingo-type cards with each box in the grid containing a term, and passed them around to select colleagues. The idea was that whenever you heard a buzzword, you’d mark the pertinent box (surreptitiously, of course). As in bingo, you strove to be the first person to mark five boxes in a row. In this version, however, it was not advisable to leap to your feet and shout â€Å"Bingo!† Instead, you would, without interfering with the official proceedings, either silently and stealthily notify your fellow participants or, if you were bold enough, ask a question of the presenter that somehow, in the context of the discussion, employed the use of the word bingo and hope that neither you nor your competitors would lose it and bust a gut. So, what does this have to do with DailyWritingTips.com? Don’t be that person who inspires a rousing game of buzzword bingo, or perpetuates the need for the game. If your employer or client requires you to use more than a couple of selections from the following word list in writing or speech, you have my permission to cry. (No honest person will deny having used at least one.) You also have permission to delete the term from your word-hoard and employ a handy little language called English. Here are 24 terms enough for one card (with a Free spot in the middle of a 5 x 5 grid): 2.0 (n.): the next generation action item (n.): high-priority issue bandwidth (n.): attention span, or ability to devote resources (such as brainpower) benchmark (n.): standard best practice (n.): a standard, proven strategy bleeding edge (n.): an intensifier of bleeding edge; denotes innovation circle (v.): check back with deep dive (n.): an intensive exploration of detail dialogue (n., v.): talk going forward (v. and adv.): from now on (but with the implication that the period before going forward was marked by going backward ass-backward, that is) granularity (n.): fine detail helicopter view (n.): overview incentivize (or incent) (v.): to motivate leverage (n., v.): power (n.), enhance or exploit (v.) metrics (n.): measurements mindshare (n.): expression of a thought paradigm (n.): model low-hanging fruit (n.): the simplest option push(ing) the envelope (verb phrase): exert(ing) maximum effort synergy (n.): compatibility take (blank) offline (verb phrase): discuss something later team player (n.): someone who is collegial and cooperative think(ing) outside the box (verb phrase): to produce, or producing, unorthodox ideas touch base (verb phrase): to meet for a status report value-added (adj.): accompanied by an additional benefit (also used in noun form: value add) For an inspired, brilliant skewering of the buzzword mentality, go to this column from the San Francisco Chronicle’s SFGate.com (scroll down past the usually droll columnist’s uncharacteristic rant to â€Å"In other news†). Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Possessive of Proper Names Ending in SList of Greek Words in the English Language35 Synonyms for Rain and Snow

How to Get Writing a Novel off your Bucket List

How to Get Writing a Novel off your Bucket List How to Get â€Å"Writing a Novel† off Your Bucket List Natalie Barelli harbored a dream that's all too familiar for our readers - writing a novel. An IT professional writing a psychological thriller might have seemed like a  pipe dream, but persistence led to a book which by all accounts is a real page-turner. If "writing a novel" is still on your bucket list, you'll find some good inspiration and advice below!Edit:  Just 6 months  after publishing "Until I Met Her", Natalie Barelli got signed by Amazon Publishing's imprint Thomas Mercer. You can read about how that happened here.It was a conversation about bucket lists that got me started. Over a glass of wine - or ten, let’s be honest - my friend and I were lamenting the fact that it’s so easy to put something into the bucket list, but almost impossible to get it out again.So we decided to pick one each, and get on with it. And mine was to write a novel. More specifically, a psychological suspense novel, because I love them. I read them all the time, I am addict ed to them, and find them to be great stories. Ironically, I didn’t use to enjoy writing very much, but I have always loved stories, and the idea of them. And of course probably like anyone who has ever wanted to write a novel, I thought I could write one because I love reading them.Having decided that I would write a novel, I figured there must be structures out there that I could follow, something akin to the three-act paradigm that is used in film narratives. I was hoping for a â€Å"join the dots† style model, something along the lines of â€Å"kill someone in chapter 1† and â€Å"throw in a suspect in chapter 3† then link ‘em up in chapter 2. I got one item out of my bucket list, my house has never been so clean, and I published Until I Met Her on Amazon on 16 June, ten days ago at the time of writing this. To date the novel has received seven five-star reviews, all of which point to a good plot and good writing.I sure didn’t get those on my own.Until I Met Her here is now available on  Amazon, so make sure to get your copy!How close are you to finishing your first novel? Does  Natalie's story sound like a day out of your life?  Please  share your thoughts and experiences, or any question for Natalie, in the comments below!

Write a Persuasive Memo Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Write a Persuasive Memo - Assignment Example After last week’s board of management meeting, students learning at the university will have the best scholarship opportunities. Students from all states and backgrounds have equal chances to learn at the institution. The university plans to roll out a plan to fund personal effects of students from humble family backgrounds. The university has the best infrastructure and facilities that offer students conducive atmosphere favoring learning and research. The facilities and the incubation labs set up within the institution is the center for international research where all approval of all global researches takes place. We have the best teaching and technical staff panel with internationally envied reputations. The institution boasts of having the best professor to student relationships in the world. The close relationship improves student motivation to a more personal level, with the student’s progress monitored and directed at all stages of

How the Compliance with International Environmental Law Can be Made Essay

How the Compliance with International Environmental Law Can be Made More Effective and Enhanced - Essay Example Critical Appraisal of Mechanism for Implementation and Enforcement 18 5.1 Impact Assessment (EIAs and SEAs) 19 5.2 Special conditions for EPI in ODA 20 5.3 Public participation, transparency and accountability 21 5.4 Fragmentation of the normative aspect of the international governance system 23 5.5 Issues and implementation surrounding environmental law in Europe 23 6. Conclusions 24 6.1 No definite system or body of laws 24 6.2 No authority to legislate or enforce laws 25 6.3 Existence of operational mechanisms to support environmental policies 26 Bibliography 28 Appendix A: Comprehensive List of International Agreements 30 Appendix B: List of Major International Environmental and Natural Resources Law 33 Appendix C: Our Common Future, Annexe 1: Summary of Proposed Legal Principles For Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development Adopted by WCED Experts Group on Environmental Law 36 Appendix D: Organizations Related to Environmental & Natural Resources Law 41 1. ... Within the scope of national law, there is no problem that the duty to protect and preserve the environment is palpable and the authority to enforce it unquestionable. However, in the sphere of international law, a matter as crucial as maintaining the ability of the environment to sustain life for generations to come apparently meets with a well-meaning but inadequate response. Proposals to arm international environmental law with more teeth have been forwarded for almost half a century, and yet the more adamant environmentalists are dissatisfied that the results have been lackluster at best. It is against this background that this paper discusses how compliance with International Environmental Law can be enhanced and made more effective, within the purview of established legal principle. It shall examine the scope and extent of international environmental laws and regulations, how these are originated and organized, and the organizations charged with their implementation and enforce ment. Discussion shall thereafter proceed to how the laws are applied, the instruments by which they are enforced, what inadequacies exist in this implementation, and how to address such shortcomings with a view towards improvement. 2. International Environmental Laws & Regulations â€Å"Environmental Law is a complex body of law made up of global, international, national, state and local statutes, treaties, conventions, regulations and policies which seek to protect the environment and natural resources affected, impacted or endangered by human activities.†1 The predominant legal method for addressing legal problems that go beyond national boundaries is through the promulgation of international environmental agreements.2 For the greater part,

How americans learn about politics Research Paper

How americans learn about politics - Research Paper Example rmed at times, because their mind is not really open to receiving any information or knowledge concerned with the politics which is going on within their land. Americans feel disconnected with whatever is happening within their folds and there is solid evidence available which suggests the same ideology. One of the reasons why Americans feel disinterested in their political discourse is because their heritage is not as such. It has been proven with the passage of time that Americans do not have any affinity with politics and hence their family structures have the same ideology for a long period of time now (Alter 2008). They believe that since they have never been a part of the political movements and discussions, it is best for them to remain alienated with such perspectives. The Americans are of the view that if they take part in these movements or angles, they would surely lose out to the professionals who have a much better say and role within the political make-up of the American regions. Another reason is education which encompasses the role of schools and teachers. The schools do not encourage the students to come up with sound reasoning for the sake of becoming leaders. In fact there is absence of leadership within the related realms. The schools are not playing their roles in a manner which is seemingly fit. All they are doing is inculcating the assumptions that the students would not be served in an able manner if they get involved within politics and hence it is a good reason that they should stay away from such undertakings. On such a note, one can safely state that the students would not be encouraged to go out there and find a place for their own selves within the political arenas of today or even tomorrow. Much needs to be done to find true leaders. Another reason lies in the way popular culture has impacted upon the Americans. They are so busy within their lives that they find little or absolutely no time to be a part of the political process.

Psychological Factors of Bilingualism

Psychological Factors of Bilingualism Table of Contents (Jump to) Introduction Psychological factors of bilingualism – Cognitive, Executive and Perception Based Challenges towards adopting bilingual learning in UAE and Recommendations Conclusion References Introduction Bilingualism is primarily concerned with use of twin languages in a country. This paper discusses the use of English and Arabic languages in UAE and how it related to the individual identity and psychology of people in UAE. This paper analyses the impact of bilingual habits and identity of an individual and the psychological adjustments that a person must make to a-fit himself or herself in a bicultural environment. In an environment where individuals have to adjust to more than one cultures and deal in more than one language, it has a very positive implication on the psychology of an individual leading to benefits such as multiple group loyalties, bilingual competence learning to impressive personalities and beneficial outcomes at work or career places through better mingling (Appel, 1987). Psychological factors of bilingualism – Cognitive, Executive and Perception Based In a study conducted by Worall, children of age groups between four-six and six-nine were studied have monolingual and bilingual backgrounds of learning for their choices of phonetic and semantic words. It was observed during the study that the children, who had a bilingual approach, had a better understanding of semantic words in comparison to children who had a single language approach. The children with bilingual background reached at a semantic language learning advantage at least 2-3 years early than then singular language counterparts. This clearly states that bilingualism enhances language developmental aspects in an individual’s personality. It has also been established by Ellen and Hatuka in their study that the individuals who have a bilingual approach have a better thinking pattern and can think and work on more than one direction than the people who speak and understand only one language. So, the people in UAE who can understand and think in both languages, English and Arabic have a stronger chance of excelling as individuals in their own fields rather than people who can speak only Arabic. These people are able to control their mind better and work according to the grammatical as well as syntax requirements of the languages – English and Arabic. This better understanding of languages leads to better awareness and increased power to control structures in an individual. Such people can better understand and control uncertainty and arbitrary aspects of objects (Hakuta, 1985). The people of UAE who observe the immersion and study of both languages – English and Arabic – from an early stage, are better able to think and act according to instructions in both languages and have a higher degree of cognitive development than their counterparts who have studied only in native language i.e. Arabic. Such individuals have a better understanding of concepts as a part of their personality and are able to better map the words and labels towards the concepts of life (Bialystok, 1987). These individuals also have a better functioning and understanding of executive functions and skills such a problem solving capabilities, mentally flex and control the individual attention, enhances inhibitory control and effectively switching between the tasks. The individuals who can also control their language power while dealing in English, besides the native language, Arabic have better cognitive and executive functions understanding. Not only they have an understanding of executive functions, but also prevent the decline of cognitive functions when the old age arrives. Bilingual factors also influence the perception based psychological factors. This includes the creative power and psychological flex to assume situations. The individuals who have an ability to perceive and understand both English and Arabic languages, have a better conceptualization and imaginary power leading to a psychology pertaining to better understanding of life situations. They are able to better manipulate the life and work situations to work in accordance with expectations and favorable situations. This advantage is of extreme importance in comparison to their colleagues who have a monolingual approach towards work and life situations (Emmorey, 2008). Also it has been noticed that bilingual individuals have a better understanding of mathematical concepts that even immerse into real life challenges and calculations – thus, leading to beneficial and profitable situations and decision making power. They have a better understanding of mathematical concepts, say, for example, logically placing the objectives and issues in accordance with profit making or loss based studies. Such perception based advantage also percolate into non mathematical situations, for example, understanding a problem based upon depiction through pictures. Thus, it can be established that individuals have a better understanding of life and work concepts as well as cognitive, executive and perception based problem solving psychological factors if they are bilinguals, over their monolingual counterparts (MacSwan, 2008). Challenges towards adopting bilingual learning in UAE and Recommendations The poor quality of education pertaining to Arabic language learning is the major challenge in UAE. Both in private and public schools, the language which is the native of UAE, does not observe adequate teaching skills or learning resources, as there must be. This is in no match to the global English language learning resources. The teachers fail to match the global standards of learning. It is highly recommended that the educational authorities realize the benefits of bilingual teaching and develop resources for Emiratis for adopting both English and Arabic language that matches the global aspects of learning. Specific focus must be laid on bringing Arabic language at par of English standard. Also, Arabic and English languages must be immersed with each other in learning at a very early level for appropriate development of cognitive and executive functions of individuals. It is thus recommended that the English and Arabic languages must be immersed at a very early level. Conclusion It is very important to introduce and continue bilingual approach for the corporate, government and educational institutions of UAE. English language must be introduced and Arabic language must be preserved. It is important to consider that bilingual approach can be challenging for the psychology of individuals due to the differences in language basics and the ambiguity that is associated with adopting these languages at all levels such as schooling, corporate etcNeedless to mention, that before the emphasis can be laid on learning of English language and finding places for this foreign language in the lives and identity of UAE people, prominence has to be given to Arabic language learning from a very early stage. A bilingual language approach for Emiratis means higher degree of cognitive, perception and executive skills development in students as well corporate people. References Appel, R. Muysken, P. (1987). Language contact and bilingualism. London: Edward Arnold. Hakuta K., Diaz R. M. (1985). The relationship between degree of bilingualism and cognitive ability: a critical discussion and some new longitudinal data.. In Nelson K. E. Childrens Language, vol.5. Erlbaum. pp. 320–344. Bialystok E. (1987). Influences of bilingualism on metalinguistic development. Second Language Research 3: 154–166. Emmorey K., Luk G., Pyers J. E., Bialystok E. (2008). The Source of Enhanced Cognitive Control in Bilinguals: Evidence From Bimodal Bilinguals. MacSwan, J. (February, 2000). The threshold hypothesis, semilingualism, and other contributions to a deficit view of linguistic minorities. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Science, 22(1), 3-45. Newspaper Resource: http://www.thenational.ae/opinion/editorial/solid-bilingual-system-would-bolster-arabic-in-the-uae

Analyse the relationship between the mother and her son in The Sons Es

Analyse the relationship between the mother and her son in The Son's Veto by Thomas Hardy showing how their behaviour and attitudes were affected by society. "The Son's Veto" is a short story that focuses on a woman, Sophy, who is torn between two conflicting social classes. Sophy is an uneducated parlour maid who marries a man above her class to secure her future. The son that is the outcome of the marriage is arrogant and self centred. He acts as thought he is superior to his mother because of his higher education and who he socialises with. The relationship between Sophy and her son, Randolph, is poor because they grew up in different classes. The thing that held their relationship together was the father and husband. When he dies it is as though the mother and son have nothing in common anymore. Social attitudes have affected heir relationship because the mother cannot be accepted into the son's class and the son will not be accepted into the mother class because it will ruin his reputation. At the beginning of the story, Hardy shows the social detachment between Spohy and her son through the language he uses, "Has, dear mother - not have!, exclaimed the public schoolboy". Hardy uses very impersonal phrases to describe how Sophy is being treated as if she is an object, "She was conducted out of the gardens and passed along the pavements". There is an expectation of how Sophy would be treated as a disabled woman. She noticed how people were interested in her but she did not mind, "did not mind gratifying their curiosity". Sophy is seen as the barter of the male and not as an individual. This means society treats her differently because of this as well as being disabled. When Sophy is the par... ... son. It is Randolph's insecurities and shame over his mother that leads him to control her life. In this way, as long as he is there to supervise her actions, he can take those extra precautions to prevent any social embarrassment that may be inflicted upon him by his mother. Sophy does not necessarily recognize this fact, but is only willing to put his needs and wants before her own. She also feels a sense of duty and obligation towards Randolph and therefore accepts what he says as being final. Ultimately, Sophy believes it is his happiness she needs to ensure and secure, not her own. This, sadly, is how she leads her life. Hardy analyses the flaws existing in society today and gives a fantastic example in showing how the "standards" set up by the public, as well as the selfishness that prevails among the citizens in society, destroyed Sophy's life.

Sunrise Wheelchair Case Study

Our team recommends Chandler to introduce Guardian’s new lightweight standard wheelchair. Guardian is not a player in wheelchairs with only a 2% share of the standard wheelchair market and nothing else.The purpose for Guardian to introduce the lightweight standard wheelchair, with a forecast market growth rate of 15% yearly, is only meant to complement Guardian’s existing product to seek for higher growth in its division since the profit margins of its existing product lines are razor thin.What’s more important is that Guardian’s new lightweight standard wheelchair is positioned differently from Quickie’s, with a distinct design and features at lower prices more towards a low-end market. Although cannibalization may still be a concern, the chances are Guardian will able to find a niche market for a different target segments differ from Quickie’s.There is a demand and a need for Guardian division to expand product line to grow. Guardian took a lmost half of the market share of crutches, walkers and other product lines. Although the rest half has been controlled by others, it can be regarded as the potential sale of us, as if we can provide a rival product with even better quality to earn that possible profit.This new wheelchair is a good tool to complete the product line, and cover the demand of expanding profitability as well. Quickie, rather than worrying about cannibalized by Guardian’s chair, should put more efforts on building its competitive advantages to differentiate itself from its major competitor Invacare, not Guardian. Invacare’s wheelchair model has beat Quickie’s. Quickie is kind of an unhealthy divergence within Sunrise’s product line, which is losing competition power.Introducing Guardian’s chair will help Sunrises fight against its main competitors, Everest & Jennings International and Invacare. They were competing by cutting down price since 1990.By making few changes o f Guardian’s standard product, the new chair would carry a wholesale price 10% below Invacare’s lightweight standard model. If Quickie continues to lose competitiveness, adding Guardian’s new wheelchair can be a backup and beneficial for the whole company.

Use SOAP to Edit Your Medical Residency Statement

Use SOAP to Edit Your Medical Residency Statement Getting into the medical residency program of choice is based upon a bit of luck, a match with the program, and your personal statement. Lets take a look at some mistakes and typical areas of weakness in the many personal statements Ive edited. While these examples and themes came from applicants to medical residency programs, the same challenges and advice apply to other graduate-level programs as well.Applicants at this level have already accomplished a great deal with their careers and in their lives. The challenge is usually not to find what to write about, but rather how to retain focus, organize and convey the personality of the applicant. Lets go thru some themes which highlight typical mistakes and patterns which need to be converted to expected forms of polite, academic and professional writing.Well do a little bit of wordplay on the SOAP note familiar to physicians.S: Simple detailsIve seen both extremes in the writing of my customers. On the one hand some applicants write with very colloquial and informal English which needs to be polished up. On the other hand, others write very extended and lengthy sentences which need simplification. Neither is particularly appropriate for these application statements. Reviewers are looking thru hundreds of statements and they like to read organized and clearly constructed sentences. Simple sentences are good, but they should also provide useful and compelling details.For example, one could write something like After completing my second-year residency at General One Hospital I did a fellowship in pediatrics where I realized I loved working with children. Split this sentence in two, and be more specific with the second half, for example, I completed my second year at General One Hospital. During my pediatric fellowship there my extensive exposure to terminally ill pediatric oncology patients heightened my awareness of treating both the patient and working with their extended families. This second sentence does thr ee things, it demonstrates your medical vocabulary, conveys your personality, and describes in detail your exposure to this specialty.O: OrganizeTheres a typical chronological theme in most statements. This may or may not be appropriate. Depending on your experiences, focus most of your text on describing recent and pertinent information related to the specialty that you are interested in. Ive seen statements that spend two or three paragraphs on describing pre-medical school awards and interest, family background, and specific details on the names of each fellowship or hospital one has worked in. Its not usually necessary to list each organization that youve studied or worked in, that information is provided elsewhere in your application packet. Its also not usually going to add much to provide early history information, youve already made it to medical school, and everyone assumes youre competent!Therefore, when you organize your personal statement, I recommend you write up an out line of supporting experiences which demonstrate your interest in a specialty. The best personal statements Ive read do this very well. For example, the applicant will use one paragraph to write about a medical encounter that was a salient moment in the target specialty. Theyll then spend another paragraph describing further research or observership experiences related to that field. Importantly they will also then write a few sentences on what the target program has to offer. For example, Im particularly interested in the strong research program in this residency. I plan to continue in academic research and further my research in renal disease.A: AddAlthough brevity is key to any good writing, I have found that most applicants write loose sentences. In some ways, this is just a transfer of conversational language down onto paper. This, however, lacks the hallmark of good writing. Schools are looking for applicants that can convey an idea clearly, with detail and brevity. Take for e xample the previous sentence I wrote, it has a very simple structure with three points separated by commas at the end. This structure helps the sentence to convey a great deal of information in an expected format that makes it easy to read. Use this format to add punch to your sentences. You dont want to do this in every sentence but use it at least once or twice in the statement. For example, I have a passion for emergency medicine, I have found it challenges my memory and knowledge, it is exhilarating, and the outcomes are immediate. Another example, I came to the U.S. expecting a great deal and I found my training here state-of-the-art, challenging, and satisfying. Simple, one-two-three.P: PersonalResidency programs are usually not extremely large groups, therefore programs are looking for diversity and personalities that will complement and work well with others in the program. Most applicants do not spend a lot of time describing themselves. This is okay, as its not a dating co ntest, but do take the time to describe your passions, motivations, and experiences in the target specialty as you describe your experiences. For example, Ive seen excellent sentences such as The approach to patient care was holistic and there was an emphasis on psychosocial history. I felt these factors made family practice exciting, versatile and challenging. Another example, I have been impressed by the vast array of clinical presentations and management options for cardiac diseases. I was fascinated by observing how a cardiologist can diagnose many valvular and other cardiac conditions using only a stethoscope.So there you have it, a quick personal statement SOAP note. Use the ideas presented here as your own checklist when reviewing your statement. Are my sentences simple and clear while also providing useful details about my experiences? Is my statement organized, does it lead the reader to conclude that I am an excellent candidate for this program based on my experiences and motivations? Did I add descriptive words, medical terminology, and experiences that demonstrate my mastery of the subject? And finally, is the statement personal? Does it show why I will invest so much time in this specialty?As I mentioned at the beginning of this article, most applicants at this level are already very accomplished in their professional and personal lives. Taking the time to edit, and finding a good editor to work together on this will provide you with the best possible opportunities and also let a little luck work her magic. Continued success to everyone!

Native American Slavery 1800 essays

Native American Slavery 1800 essays The constitution of the United States reads; We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain inalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. In the 1830s, there existed a deep division among the nations white population reguarding Native Americans. In their dealings with Native Americans, the first white settlers adopted policies that were shaped by their own European worldview and experience. When the United States became a nation, the new government built on this European foundation, but over time adapted its Native American policy to changing perspectives and needs- mainly the desire for more land and wealth. Eventually the Native Americans were regarded as an anachronism irreclaimable savage by those west of the Appalachians and redeemable savages by eastern philanthropists and humanitarians. To the whites settlers in the trans-Appalachian frontier that ran from the mid-west to the southern states, Indians were considered a threat that had to be exterminated. Believers in Native American reform were largely from the industrial and commercial centers in the Northeast where few Indians lived. With the arrival of twenty "Negroes" aboard a Dutch man-of-war in Virginia in 1619, the face of American slavery began to change from the "tawny" Indian to the "blackamoor" African; a period of transition lasting from between 1650 to 1750. Though the issue is complex, the unsuitability of the Native American for the labor-intensive agricultural practices, their susceptibility to European diseases, the proximity of avenues of escape for Native Americans, and the lucrative nature of the African slave trade led to a transition to an African-based institution of slavery. In spite of a later tendency in the Southern United States to differentiate the African slave from the Indian, African slavery wa...

Evolving Public Health Nursing Role Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Evolving Public Health Nursing Role - Article Example Evolving public health nursing practice is demonstrated by the community participation and ethnographic model. The model is built on the assumptions related to community based participatory research (CBPR) and encourages the community members and trusted community leaders to be engaged in problem identification, project evaluation and dissemination processes. The critical and social action theory provides the philosophical basis for CBPR approach. It creates partnerships with members from different social economic status and maintains balance between community members and researchers through shared leadership, teaching and learning between each group. Public health nurses and community partners are able to be sensitive to ecological context and culture which is important in health promotion since community participation and ethnographic model builds upon local community knowledge for public health nurses. An approach that is ethnographically informed to community and population assessment involves collection and analysis of data allowing socio-cultural contexts, systems and meaning. These assumptions are useful in the steps and processes of action research. Planning actions can be made by the community and the nurses through data collection. Participatory action research emphasises the involvement and action of the community. This design was appropriate for this study since drug and substance abuse does not only affect the individuals involved but also the community as a whole. Participatory action research is based on reflection, data collection and action particularly on public health nursing. It also focuses on research whose purpose is to enable action. In this case, action was data collection and was done by displaying socio-economic information about teenagers in the community and the places that were associated with substance use and disuse. The data was collected through interviews and photovoice. GIS mapping was used by the public health

Foundation of business psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Foundation of business psychology - Essay Example Through the exploration of the said concepts, the importance of the attitude and personality of the personnel in an organization can be explored. To be able to achieve the objectives of the study, it is essential to define personality. The concept of personality had been explored by different academic groups and different ways of studying and researching the said concept had been established. The most common definition is that personality can be related to the behavioural component that can be exhibited by an individual in relation to acquired traits from both hereditary and environmental factors (Furnham & Crump 167). Through the exhibited personality factors and components, there are different groups referred to as personality types. Through the said personality types, researchers based personality tests and personality types. Through the procedures that had been developed through the years, personality can be detected in the sense that can be considered sufficient to predict future behaviours in different scenarios and conditions (Boeree 1; Furnham & Crump 167-9). The prediction of behaviour of individuals on the basis of the determination of personality type can be considered essential specifically in cases wherein behaviour is important e.g. in employment. The said point of view is the main consideration of the study undertaken. In business psychology, it can be considered that there are personalities being sought in employment as well as those that are prevented. This can be attributed to the fact that the labour force and the administrative group are key functions that can be greatly affected by the personality and the behaviour of the individuals in a company (Pervin 5). The presented view regarding the concept of personality can be considered as included in the importance of personality. Basically

Critical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 9

Critical Analysis - Essay Example Today, many view the US presidency as a form of monarch due to numerous unbalanced and unchecked powers exercised by the president. The US constitution provides qualifications that should be met by persons intending to vie for the presidency and the vice presidency. One fascinating thing about the qualifications is that anyone, who has been a US citizen for a minimum of 14 years and is above 35 years of age, is qualified to vie for the presidency. This provision gives legal immigrants a chance to exercise their constitution rights, and everyone can agree that this provision enabled the current US president to be an eligible presidential candidate among other attributes. The issue of the vice president having similar qualifications to those of the president is truly okay. This is because the vice president takes over incase the president is kicked out of office for reasons provided in the constitution. Therefore, government operations continue as usual (John et al 2-56). On the other hand, sitting presidents have the power to appoint a vice president in case the current vice president is out office. The process is carried out in a democratic way since the appointed vice president goes through a vetting process by the Senate. The move to seek the Senate opinion is a sign of limited presidential powers in the nomination of vice presidents. The US constitution allows incumbents to hold power for two terms. In any democratic State, such provisions give more citizens a chance to lead government than when an incumbent remains in office until his death (John et al 2-56). People may argue that a sitting president may detach from State affairs in the last term of presidency. This is contrary to what has been seen from the history of the US presidency, whereby persons who have been in the white house have held the States’ interests at heart until their last minute in office. In many states, persons in the vice president’s office usually take

Prayer in School Essay Example for Free

Prayer in School Essay John Knox Press, 1996. 45-218. In this book the author gives an epic description of the controversy surrounding the debate on prayer in public schools. It touches on the legal aspects as well as the interpretation of among other articles the first amendment. Alley uses history and preceding events to bring out his argument against prayer in public schools terming the practice as an abuse and harassment of the minority by the majority who are keen on imposing their own definition of faith. He asserts that the law on first amendment religion issues has adequately and consistently clarified the differences that exist between church and state. He cited some cases such as Barnette, McCollum, Everson, Engel and Schempp to mention but a few as having set precedence thus preventing future conflict. However, one reads anti Christianity overtones which bring up the question of objectivity due to his obvious bias. He has successfully presented one side of the debate with a personal tone. The book strongly opines that any form of religious inclinations in public schools is incompatible with the constitution as well as with the principle of democracy. Murray, J. William. Let us pray: A plea for prayer in our school. New York: William Morrow Co, 1995. 11-97. In the first pages of his interesting book, Murray tells of his atheist past that was directed by his mother Madalyn Murray and how he, as a 14 year old was a plaintiff against the Baltimore School system. The suit led to the Supreme Courts decision that outlawed public school prayer and bible reading. Murray later converts to Christianity and embarks on a mission aimed at undoing the ‘damage’ done by his past. He becomes a strong proponent of prayer in Schools arguing that this is the one way of rooting out the moral decay in the society. Among other arguments, he presents the debate as conflicting discomforts. ‘The discomfort of minority faiths or nonbelievers at hearing prayer in school versus the discomfort of Protestant Christians at being prohibited from public prayer’. He allows that the drafters of the constitution are misinterpreted by those who claim that they intended to eradicate prayer from public institutions. Rather, he cites influential figures such as John Locke and Tocqueville as strong believers in the value of prayer in providing positive guidance to the society. His recommendations are however weak since the freedom he seeks could be confused with what is provided for in the constitution. Again the founding fathers he cites are understood to have given us the current laws and so his enlisting them undermines his very argument. Cookson, Catharine. Regulating Religion: The Courts and the Free Exercise Clause. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. 54, 67-75. In this book, Catherine Cookson delves into the issues of the law and the authority of state as laid down in the constitution on one hand and the obligations of conscience on the other. She embarks on a project to provide the solution for a recurrent problem. She examines the history of the Christian tradition as well as more contemporary political development of religious freedom (186). Her argument on the free exercise clause is vivid and thought provoking as she seeks the balance between the majority’s right to religious expression and public prayer and the minority’s discomfort arising from that kind of expression. U. S Department of Education. Guidance on Constitutionally Protected Prayer in Public Elementary and Secondary Schools. Available on-line at: http://www. ed. gov/policy/gen/guid/religionandschools/prayer_guidance. html Accessed on 12. 04. 07. This article deals with the legal aspect of the debate on prayer in schools. The article endeavors to provide information on the current state of the law concerning constitutionally protected prayer in the public schools, and therefore spell out the extent to which prayer in public schools is lawfully protected. The Case against School Prayer. Available online at: http://209. 85. 135. 104/search? q=cache:RTckL_PUwSEJ:ffrf. org/nontracts/schoolprayer. php+prayers+in+schoolhl=enct=clnkcd=1gl=ke. Accessed on 12. 04. 07. In this article the author delves into the arguments against school prayer. The author advances the argument that prayers are private and yet there is nothing private about a public school. Therefore the two are incompatible and should not mix. He/She asserts that public schools cater for students with varying backgrounds and religious inclinations and they should not be subjected to rules that promote one form of religious expression. According to the author of the article, Public prayer leads to discrimination of the minority and a denial of their right to worship. The article refutes the claim that prayer in school has any value in checking societal excesses. The conclusion calls for total separation of church and state arguing that this is one way of preventing divisiveness in the society. Works Cited Campbell, Ted A. Christian Confessions: A Historical Introduction. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 1996. Questia. 12 Apr. 2007 http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=87116157. Cookson, Catharine. Regulating Religion: The Courts and the Free Exercise Clause. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. Questia. 12 Apr. 2007 http://www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=od=104449729. Murray, J. William. Let us pray: A plea for prayer in our school. New York: William Morrow Co, 1995. U. S Department of Education. Guidance on Constitutionally Protected Prayer in Public Elementary and Secondary Schools. Available on-line at: http://www.ed.gov/policy/gen/guid/religionandschools/prayer_guidance.html Accessed on 12.04.07